Carbon Management and Greenhouse Gas Removal

Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Featured Publications

• Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal for Climate Mitigation: The Legal Framework, Romany M. Webb, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Michael B. Gerrard (eds) (April 2023)

• Liability Considerations for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects in U.S. Waters, by Korey Silverman-Roati, Martin Lockman, and Romany M. Webb (March 2025)

• State Authority to Regulate Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, by Ashwin Murthy, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Romany M. Webb (December 2024)

• International Governance of Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Recent Developments and Future Directions, by Romany M. Webb (April 2024)

• Executive Actions to Ensure Safe and Responsible Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Research in the United States, by Romany M. Webb and Korey Silverman-Roati (November 2023)

• Developing Model Federal Legislation to Advance Safe and Responsible Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Research in the United States, by Romany M. Webb and Korey Silverman-Roati (March 2023)
• A Research Strategy for Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, December 8, 2021 (co-authored by Romany Webb)

Atmospheric Methane Removal Featured Publications

• Methane Removal Under the Paris Agreement, by Romany M. Webb (July 2025)

• Removing Methane via Soil Amendments: The Legal Framework, by Korey Silverman-Roati, and Romany M. Webb (December 2024)

• Legal Considerations for Atmospheric Methane Removal, by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany M. Webb (October 2024)

• Removing Methane via Atmospheric Oxidation Enhancement: The Legal Framework, by Romany M. Webb, Martin Lockman, and Korey Silverman-Roati (July 2024)

All Reports & Articles

• International Legal Guidelines for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Governance under the London Convention and London Protocol, by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany M. Webb (August 2025)

• Methane Removal Under the Paris Agreement, by Romany M. Webb (July 2025)

• Regulation of Sargassum Removal and Sinking in Florida, by Ashwin Murthy, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Romany M. Webb (May 2025)

• Liability Considerations for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects in U.S. Waters, by Korey Silverman-Roati, Martin Lockman, and Romany M. Webb (March 2025)

• The Role of Marine CO2 Removal in Combating Climate Change, by Sarah Vican, Meghan Gavin, Wil Burns, Douglas Edwards, and Romany M. Webb (February 2025)

• Regulation of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in Washington State, by Ashwin Murthy, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Romany M. Webb (January 2025)

• Removing Methane via Soil Amendments: The Legal Framework, by Korey Silverman-Roati, and Romany M. Webb (December 2024)

• State Authority to Regulate Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, by Ashwin Murthy, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Romany M. Webb (December 2024)

• Legal Considerations for Atmospheric Methane Removal, by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany M. Webb (October 2024)

• Removing Methane via Atmospheric Oxidation Enhancement: The Legal Framework, by Romany M. Webb, Martin Lockman, and Korey Silverman-Roati (July 2024)

• International Governance of Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Recent Developments and Future Directions, by Romany M. Webb (April 2024)

• Executive Actions to Ensure Safe and Responsible Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Research in the United States, by Romany M. Webb and Korey Silverman-Roati (November 2023)

• Permitting CO2 Pipelines, by Martin Lockman (September 2023)

• Developing Model Federal Legislation to Advance Safe and Responsible Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Research in the United States, by Romany M. Webb and Korey Silverman-Roati (March 2023)

• Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Ocean Fertilization: Legal Challenges and Opportunities, Korey Silverman-Roati, Romany M. Webb, and Michael B. Gerrard (July 2022)

• Permitting Seaweed Cultivation for Carbon Sequestration in California: Barriers and Recommendations, by Korey Silverman-Roati, Romany M. Webb, and Michael B. Gerrard, June 23, 2022

• Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Artificial Upwelling and Downwelling: Legal Challenges and Opportunities, by Romany M. Webb, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Michael B. Gerrard (May 2022)

• A Research Strategy for Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, December 8, 2021 (co-authored by Romany Webb)

• Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Seaweed Cultivation: Legal Challenges and Opportunities, by Korey Silverman-Roati, Romany M. Webb, and Michael B. Gerrard, September, 7 2021

• Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: Legal Challenges and Opportunities, by Romany M. Webb, Korey Silverman-Roati, and Michael B. Gerrard, August 30, 2021

• The Law of Enhanced Weathering for Carbon Dioxide Removal: Volume 2 -- Legal Issues Associated With Materials Sourcing, by Romany M. Webb (March 2021)

• The Legal Framework for Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage in Canada, by Romany Webb and Michael B. Gerrard (February 2021)

• Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement and Seaweed Cultivation: Legal Challenges and Opportunities, by Romany Webb, Korey Silverman and Michael B. Gerrard (February 2021)

• The Law of Enhanced Weathering for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Romany M. Webb (September 2020)

• Direct air capture: An emerging necessity to fight climate change, by Michael B. Gerrard (ABA Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, March/April 2020)

• Going Negative: The Next Horizon in Climate Engineering Law, by Tracy Hester and Michael B. Gerrard (Natural Resources & Environment, vol. 32 no. 4, Spring 2018)

• Overcoming Impediments to Offshore Carbon Dioxide Storage: Legal Issues in the U.S. and Canada, by Romany M. Webb and Michael B. Gerrard (March 2018)

• Policy Readiness for Offshore Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Northeast, by Romany M. Webb and Michael B. Gerrard (June 2017)

Blog Posts

• Climate Governance under the London Convention and Protocol: Lessons from Sub-Seabed Carbon Sequestration, by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany M. Webb, October 10, 2025

• Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal: MRV Challenges and Recommendations, by Patree Witoonchart, September 12, 2025

• Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal: A Primer, by Patree Witoonchart, August 7, 2025

• 100 Days of Trump 2.0: Carbon Management and Negative Emissions, by Korey Silverman-Roati, Ashwin Murthy and Romany M. Webb, May 1, 2025

• San Francisco v. EPA: Impact on Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Ashwin Murthy, April 8, 2025

• International Governance of mCDR: Small Steps Forward, but Much More Work to do, by Romany M. Webb, January 9, 2025

• Carbon Dioxide Removal through Coastal Blue Carbon: A Review of Commitments in Nationally Determined Contributions, by Arpana Giritharan, November 6, 2024

• An Important New Report from the National Academies on Atmospheric Methane Removal, by Korey Silverman-Roati, November 4, 2024

• Upcoming Developments in International Governance of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany M. Webb, October 25, 2024

• The Evolving Legal Landscape for Geologic Carbon Sequestration in the United States, by Ashwin Murthy, October 16, 2024

• The ITLOS Advisory Opinion and Marine Geoengineering: More Questions, Few Answers, by Romany M. Webb, May 24, 2024

• The European Commission’s industrial carbon management strategy: ambitious and risky plans to achieve net-zero, by Lena Kannenberg, May 8, 2024

• International Governance of Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Recent Developments and Future Directions, by Romany M. Webb, April 2, 2024

• An Update on the Evolving Legal Landscape for Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Key Outcomes of the October 2023 Meeting of the Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, by Romany M. Webb, October 20, 2023

• The Evolving Legal Landscape for Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Romany M. Webb, September 28, 2023

• Harnessing the Ocean’s Power to Combat the Climate Crisis, by Tiffany Challe-Campiz, April 21, 2023

• Recent developments on carbon dioxide removal: Increasing policy support but governance issues remain, by Carolina Arlota and Korey Silverman-Roati, January 5, 2023

• Carbon Storage in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill, by Romany M. Webb,  August 10, 2021

Op-eds

• Congress should step in to advance ocean climate solutions, op-ed by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany Webb, The Hill, March 27, 2023

• Using the Oceans to Store CO2 Could Help Avoid Climate Catastrophe, op-ed by Romany M. Webb and Michael B. Gerrard, Bloomberg Law, December 30, 2021

Comment Letters

• Comments on SB 905: California Legislation Establishing the Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Program (submitted October 6, 2025)

• Comments on EPA's Proposed Rule to Repeal GHG Performance Standards for Power Plants Based on CCS System (submitted August 7, 2025)

• Comments on EPA’s Proposed MPRSA Research Permit for the Carboniferous, Inc. Biomass Sinking Research Project (submitted July 11, 2025)

• Comments on EPA's Memorandum of Application Update for the Woods Hole LOC-NESS Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Project (submitted February 13, 2025)

• Comments on EPA's Notice of Permit Application for the Woods Hole LOC-NESS Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Project (submitted July 3, 2024)

• Comments on the National Science Foundation's Request for Information on Development of a Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Research Plan (submitted April 18, 2024)

Testimonies

• Testimony of Romany M. Webb Before the Senate of Canada Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans, December 3, 2024