Under the Clean Water Act, discharges from a construction project (or common plan of projects) that cause one or more acres of land disturbance require state or EPA-issued National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. EPA’s most recent 2022 Construction General Permit (CGP) had covered projects in seven states and additional U.S. territories. EPA’s modification now has expanded the 2022 CGP to cover “all Lands of Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction.” EPA acknowledged it had an alternative option of issuing individual permits for additional projects, at least until the next expected CGP in 2027, yet declared that individual permitting was “not the most efficient way to authorize regulated stormwater discharges […] given the longer timelines […] compared to the more streamlined authorization approach of the CGP.”